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그레이 아나토미의, 제4권 근육학 근학 筋學 해부학.도해 圖解 그림책. Gray’s Anatomy. IV. Myology FIGURE BOOK. by Henry Gray contents IV. Myology 1. Mechanics of Muscle 2. Development of the Muscles 3. Tendons, Aponeuroses, and Fasciæ 4. The Fasciæ and Muscles of the Head. a. The Muscles of the Scalp b. The Muscles of the Eyelid c. The Muscles of the Nose d. The Muscles of the Mouth e. The Muscles of Mastication 5. The Fasciæ and Muscles of the Anterolateral Region of the Neck a. The Superficial Cervical Muscle b. The Lateral Cervical Muscles c. The Supra- and Infrahyoid Muscles d. The Anterior Vertebral Muscles e. The Lateral Vertebral Muscles 6. The Fasciæ and Muscles of the Trunk a. The Deep Muscles of the Back b. The Suboccipital Muscles c. The Muscles of the Thorax d. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Abdomen e. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Pelvis f. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Perineum 7. The Fascia and Muscles of the Upper Extremity a. The Muscles Connecting the Upper Extremity to the Vertebral Column b. The Muscles Connecting the Upper Extremity to the Anterior and Lateral Thoracic Walls c. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Shoulder d. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Arm e. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Forearm f. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Hand 8. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Lower Extremity. a. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Iliac Region b. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Thigh c. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Leg d. The Fasciæ Around the Ankle e. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Foot Bibliography

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그레이 아나토미의, 제4권 근육학 근학 筋學 해부학.도해 圖解 그림책. Gray’s Anatomy. IV. Myology FIGURE BOOK. by Henry Gray Gray’s Anatomy Introduction THE TERM human anatomy comprises a consideration of the various structures which make up the human organism. In a restricted sense it deals merely with the parts which form the fully developed individual and which can be rendered evident to the naked eye by various methods of dissection. Regarded from such a standpoint it may be studied by two methods: (1) the various structures may be separately considered―systematic anatomy; or (2) the organs and tissues may be studied in relation to one another― topographical or regional anatomy. 1 It is, however, of much advantage to add to the facts ascertained by naked eye dissection those obtained by the use of the microscope. This introduces two fields of investigation, viz., the study of the minute structure of the various component parts of the body―histology―and the study of the human organism in its immature condition, i. e., the various stages of its intrauterine development from the fertilized ovum up to the period when it assumes an independent existence―embryology. Owing to the difficulty of obtaining material illustrating all the stages of this early development, gaps must be filled up by observations on the development of lower forms― comparative embryology, or by a consideration of adult forms in the line of human ancestry―comparative anatomy. The direct application of the facts of human anatomy to the various pathological conditions which may occur constitutes the subject of applied anatomy. Finally, the appreciation of structures on or immediately underlying the surface of the body is frequently made the subject of special study―surface anatomy. SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY.―The various systems of which the human body is composed are grouped under the following headings: Osteology―the bony system or skeleton. Syndesmology―the articulations or joints. Myology―the muscles. With the description of the muscles it is convenient to include that of the fasciæ which are so intimately connected with them. Angiology―the vascular system, comprising the heart, bloodvessels, lymphatic vessels, and lymph glands. Neurology―the nervous system. The organs of sense may be included in this system. Splanchnology―the visceral system. Topographically the viscera form two groups, viz., the thoracic viscera and the abdomino-pelvic viscera. The heart, a thoracic viscus, is best considered with the vascular system. The rest of the viscera may be grouped according to their functions: (a) the respiratory apparatus; (b) the digestive apparatus; and (c) the urogenital apparatus. Strictly speaking, the third subgroup should include only such components of the urogenital apparatus as are included within the abdomino pelvic cavity, but it is convenient to study under this heading certain parts which lie in relation to the surface of the body, e. g., the testes and the external organs of generation. For descriptive purposes the body is supposed to be in the erect posture, with the arms hanging by the sides and the palms of the hands directed forward. The median plane is a vertical antero-posterior plane, passing through the center of the trunk. This plane will pass approximately through the sagittal suture of the skull, and hence any plane parallel to it is termed a sagittal plane. A vertical plane at right angles to the median plane passes, roughly speaking, through the central part of the coronal suture or through a line parallel to it; such a plane is known as a frontal plane or sometimes as a coronal plane. A plane at right angles to both the median and frontal planes is termed a transverse plane.

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